Split exercise 5 into its own repository
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Labb8/ovning5.md
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# Exercise 5 #
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This exercise now lives in it's own repository at
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[jackbenny/failedlogins](https://github.com/jackbenny/failedlogins)
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# failed\_logins.sh #
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This is a small Bash script I wrote for a programming & scripting course at
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school. The script checks for failed SSH logins in /var/log/auth.log by default.
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The failed logins are then sent by e-mail to the admin user specified in the
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Admin variable.
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The script only mails new failed login attempts since it was last run to avoid
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cluttering the admin's mailbox.
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## Usage ##
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The script is meant to run from a cronjob, for example once every hour or day
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or whatever suits your needs. An example (15 minutes after every hour) would be:
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```
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15 * * * * /home/admin/failed_logins.sh
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```
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## Compability ##
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So far I've only tested it on Ubuntu 13.04. The binaries used in the script are
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hardcoded to avoid unsane environments. The path to these hardcoded binaries
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could change on other Linux dists and other *NIX.
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The script uses sed, awk (standrad awk), egrep, cat, printf, mail, rm, tail,
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mktemp and regular grep. All of these utilities are pretty standard on a
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Debian/Ubuntu machine, except for mail which is not included in for example
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Ubuntu Desktop. On both Ubuntu and Debian this can be installed with
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`sudo apt-get install mailutils`.
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#!/bin/bash
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# Jack-Benny Persson
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# LX13
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# Configuration script to update the hardcoded binaries
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# Variables
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Binaries=(sed awk egrep mail printf cat grep mktemp rm tail)
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File="failed_logins.sh"
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TempFile=`mktemp -t failed_logins.XXXXXX`
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StartBin=8
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EndBin=17
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# Check that they are all installed
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for bin in ${Binaries[@]}; do
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whereis $bin | awk '{ print $2 }' | grep $bin &> /dev/null
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "It seems you system dosen't have $bin installed"
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exit 1
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fi
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done
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# Make a temporary copy of the original file
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cp $File $TempFile
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# Loop through all the binaries to extract the path and make new
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# variables for the script looking like this: Binary="/bin/binary"
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Index=0
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for i in ${Binaries[@]}; do
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NewBins[$Index]=$(echo "$i=\"`whereis $i | awk '{ print $2 }'`\"" | \
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sed "s/\b\(^.\)/\u\1/g")
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((Index++))
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done
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# Replace the old variables for the new ones
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cat $TempFile | sed "{
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/Sed=/c${NewBins[0]}
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/Awk=/c${NewBins[1]}
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/Egrep=/c${NewBins[2]}
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/Mail=/c${NewBins[3]}
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/Printf=/c${NewBins[4]}
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/Cat=/c${NewBins[5]}
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/Grep=/c${NewBins[6]}
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/Mktemp=/c${NewBins[7]}
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/Rm=/c${NewBins[8]}
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/Tail=/c${NewBins[9]}
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}" > $File
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# Clean up
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rm $TempFile
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exit 0
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#!/bin/bash
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# Jack-Benny Persson
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# LX13
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# Exercise 5 on lab 8 (Write a script to check for failed logins)
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# Binaries
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Sed="/bin/sed"
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Awk="/usr/bin/awk"
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Egrep="/bin/egrep"
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Mail="/usr/bin/mail"
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Printf="/usr/bin/printf"
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Cat="/bin/cat"
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Grep="/bin/grep"
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Mktemp="/bin/mktemp"
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Rm="/bin/rm"
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Tail="/usr/bin/tail"
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# Variables
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Admin="jake"
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Authlog="/var/log/auth.log"
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StampTemp="/tmp/failed_login_last_stamp.tmp"
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LineTemp="/tmp/failed_login_last_line.tmp"
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StartLine=1 # Don't change this!
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New=0 #Don't change this!
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# Functions
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check_for_new_failed()
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{
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$Sed -n "$StartLine,\$p" $Authlog | $Egrep "Failed password" \
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&> /dev/null
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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New=1
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fi
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}
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show_failed_logins()
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{
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$Sed -n "$StartLine,\$p" $Authlog | $Egrep "Failed password" | \
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$Sed 's/invalid user//' | \
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$Awk '{ print $1" "$2" "$3" \t"$9"\t\t"$11 }'
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}
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save_last_stamp_and_line()
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{
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show_failed_logins | $Awk '{ print $1" "$2" "$3 }' \
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| $Sed -n '$p' > $StampTemp
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LastStamp=`$Cat $StampTemp`
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$Cat $Authlog | $Sed -n "/$LastStamp/{
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=
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p
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}" | $Tail -n2 | $Sed -n '/^[0-9]/p' > $LineTemp
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}
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# Sanity checks
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if [ ! -r $Authlog ]; then
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echo "Can't read $Authlog"
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exit 1
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fi
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for Bin in $Sed $Awk $Egrep $Mail $Printfi $Cat $Grep $Mktemp $Rm $Tail; do
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if [ ! -x $Bin ]; then
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echo "Can't execute $Bin"
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exit 1
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fi
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done
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if [ -e $StampTemp ] || [ -e $LineTemp ]; then
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if [ ! -w $StampTemp ] || [ ! -w $LineTemp ] ; then
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$Printf "Can't write to temp files, perhaps this script "
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$Printf "has been run be a different user before?\n"
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$Printf "Consider changing the temp filenames variable\n"
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exit 1
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fi
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fi
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if [ ! -w /tmp ]; then
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echo "Can't write to /tmp"
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exit 1
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fi
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### Main ###
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# First of all, check if we have read the log file before and whatever if has
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# been rotated
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if [ -e $StampTemp ] && [ -e $LineTemp ]; then
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$Sed -n "`$Cat $LineTemp`p" $Authlog | $Grep "`$Cat $StampTemp`" \
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> /dev/null
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then # If the logfile hasn't been
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StartLine=`$Cat $LineTemp` # been rotated, set StartLine
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((StartLine++)) # from the last run and +1
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fi
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fi
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# Check for new failed login attempts since last run (based on StartLine)
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check_for_new_failed
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# Redirect all output below to a temporary file for mailing
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MailTemp=`$Mktemp -t failed_logins_mail.XXXXXX`
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exec 1> $MailTemp
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if [ $New -eq 1 ]; then # = if there are new failed logins
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# Print a nice header
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$Printf "Date & time\t\tUser\t\tFrom host\n"
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$Printf "-----------\t\t----\t\t---------\n"
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# Print out the latest failed login attempts
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show_failed_logins
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# Save the last line and the last timestamp for the next run
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save_last_stamp_and_line
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fi
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# Mail the failed logins if there are any (ie if the MailTemp file is NOT empty)
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if [ -s $MailTemp ]; then
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$Mail $Admin -s "Failed logins" < $MailTemp
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fi
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# Clean up
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if [ -e $MailTemp ]; then
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$Rm $MailTemp
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fi
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exit 0
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